Why Was Jesus Called The Son Of David

Why Was Jesus Called the Son of David?

God had promised David, the first lawful king of Israel, that his reign would be established forever if he followed his instructions. In the event that you die and go to your fathers, I will raise up your offspring to replace you, who will be descended from your own body, and I will establish his dominion. In his place I will construct a temple for my Name, and I will install the throne of his dominion for all time (2 Samuel 7:12-13). It was because of this that the people longed to see David’s greater son – the one who would rule for all time.

During the very first phrase of Matthew’s gospel, he refers to Jesus as “the son of David.” This is a genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham, and the descendant of Abraham (Matthew 1:1).

The gospel of Matthew contains six instances of individuals referring to Jesus as the “Son of David.” The way he greeted him was because he was helping two blind guys who were in desperate need of mending.

Every one of the multitudes was taken aback and said, “This man cannot possibly be the Son of David, can he?” In Matthew 12:23, Jesus says This is the name of Jesus that was used by a Canaanite mother who wished to have her daughter cured.

Two blind men approached Jesus in the city of Jericho.
During the Triumphal Entry, Jesus was referred to be “the Son of David.” People recognized Jesus as the “Son of David” as He visited Jerusalem on Palm Sunday, the first day of Passover.
(Matthew 21:9, NIV) The people in Jerusalem’s temple referred to Jesus as David’s son, and he was addressed as such.
They were adamant that he had done nothing wrong (Matthew 21:5).
Bethlehem, the city of David, was the site of Jesus’ birth.
He Had a Messianic Title As a result of his actions.
This was brought to the attention of the religious authorities by Jesus.
“How is it then that David, speaking through the Spirit, addresses him as Lord?” he inquired of them.
SummaryDavid was told that one of his descendants will govern the world for all time.
According to the gospel of Matthew, Jesus was recognized as the Son of David on six separate times by diverse persons, each of whom was named David.

This is a title associated with the messianic age. No matter how many times people asked him, Jesus never denied that he was the Son of David. In fact, on Palm Sunday, Jesus was greeted with adoration and adulation by the populace.

What does it mean that Jesus is the son of David?

Answer The term “son of David” is used seventeen times in the New Testament to refer to Jesus. As a result, the issue arises as to how Jesus could be considered the son of David given that David lived nearly 1,000 years before Jesus. As a result of his death and resurrection, Christ (the Messiah) was able to bring about the fulfillment of the prophesy of the seed of David (2 Samuel 7:12–16). Jesus is the prophesied Messiah, which implies He had to be descended from the House of David in order to be considered such.

According to Luke 3, Jesus is descended from His mother, Mary, according to the genealogy recorded there.
“In terms of his worldly existence, he was descended from David” (Romans 1:3).
It is a title associated with the Messianic era.
People who had come to Jesus in faith in order to receive compassion or healing addressed him as “Lord, thou son of David” on multiple occasions.
The titles of honor they bestowed upon Him were a public declaration of their confidence in Him.
Their hatred for Jesus stemmed from the fact that He did not accord them the honor they believed they were due.
By asking them to clarify the meaning of this very title, Jesus further perplexed the scribes and Pharisees: how could it be that the Messiah is the son of David since David himself refers to Him as “my Lord” (Mark 12:35–37; cf.
The question was unable to be answered by the law professors.
The objective of Jesus’ inquiry in Mark 12:35 was to emphasize that the Messiah is more than just a physical descendant of David.

For example, Jesus declares in Revelation 22:16 that he is “the Root and the Offspring of David.” To put it another way, He is both the Creator of David and the Descendant of David in the same person. That could only be said by the Son of God made flesh.

Why is Jesus Called the Son of David?

David’s son, in Hebrew. It’s an intriguing and significant title for the Lord Jesus Christ to have. There is a fantastic surprise hidden inside this simple title that you may not be aware of. We’ll have a discussion about it as soon as possible. Although it is not his sole title, Son of David is a highly distinctive one that has a great deal of significance. Let’s take a closer look. The genealogy of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ is important in the New Testament and the Bible as a whole, and it is discussed in detail in the book of Matthew.

Why?
The genealogy of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is presented in the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew.
There are a total of 12 occasions in the Bible when Jesus Christ is addressed as the “Son of David” (all found in the New Testament).
And, more importantly, why is Jesus referred to as “the Son of David”?
The one who will build a home for my Name, and I will establish the throne of his dominion for all time,” declares the Lord.
As a result of this, Jesus had a legitimate human father in the person of Joseph.
He possesses two distinct personalities: heavenly and human.

Here is how and why Jesus Christ was born as a seed of David according to the flesh, as revealed in the Scriptures:.concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, he said: ESV translation of Romans 1:3-4

How is Jesus Son of David?

Christ’s lineage may be traced back to David’s lineage, as can be seen from the very beginning of the Gospel of Matthew. The first book of the New Testament begins by exposing the genealogy of Christ by identifying all of his forefathers and foremothers, all the way back to Abraham. 14 generations are recorded in Matthew 1:17: 14 generations between Abraham and David, 14 generations from David to the Babylonian exile, and 14 generations from the Babylonian captivity to the birth of Jesus. Consequently, as you can see, our Lord and Savior was descended from the lineage of King David, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures of the Bible.

As a result, in Revelation 5:5, Jesus is referred to as the “Lion of the tribe of Judah” and “the Root of David,” respectively.

But hold on a sec.

However, Luke provides a contrasting point of view, and he also goes all the way back to Adam, the first man created by God, to explain his actions.

And to make matters even more confusing, although Matthew claims that Jacob is the son of Joseph (Jesus’ legal father), Luke claims that Heli is the father of Joseph. So, is there a possibility of a Biblical conflict here? In no way, shape, or form!

Why do the Genealogies in Matthew and Luke differ?

We’ve all heard that Matthew lists the family tree starting with Joseph (the legal father of Jesus), but Luke lists the family tree starting with Mary (the biological mother of Jesus) (the birth mother of Jesus). Is this, however, correct? Another interpretation has been brought down to us through the generations by an early church historian. He says that both genealogies are of Joseph, who is considered to be Jesus’ legitimate father. Based on the ingenious answer that has been passed down to us via the work of 4th-century AD historian Eusebius, you may watch a video of Eusebius’ explanation by visiting this link.

Heli and Jacob were both descended from the House of David.
Or, to put it another way, according to the law, Heli was Joseph’s biological father, while Jacob was the legal father of Joseph.
As a result, Jacob was elevated to the status of kinsman redeemer (thegoel), just as Boaz had been elevated to the status of Ruth’s goel.
Now that the riddle has been solved, everything makes complete sense!

Which son of David did Jesus descend from?

According to what we’ve been taught, Matthew traces Jesus’ lineage back to Joseph (his biological father), but Luke traces Jesus’ lineage back to Mary (his mother) (the birth mother of Jesus). Is this, however, the case. Another interpretation has been brought down to us through the generations by an early Church historian. Both genealogies are of Joseph, who is considered to be Jesus’ biological father. Based on the ingenious answer that has been passed down to us via the work of 4th-century AD historian Eusebius, you may watch a video of Eusebius’ explanation by visiting this page.

They were both descended from David, just like Heli.
For better or worse, according to the law, Heli was Joseph’s biological father, while Jacob was his legal father.
And as a result, just as Boaz had been Ruth’s kinsman redeemer –thegoel–, Jacob became the goel for his own kin.
Everything makes complete sense now that the enigma has been solved!

Why is Jesus called the Son of David and not Joseph?

Straightforward – “Son of David” is a title that has been given to the character. This is a Messianic title. As you can see, this title is much more than a mere declaration about the Lord’s physical genealogy. It is a statement about his spiritual lineage as well. Let us take a moment to consider Matthew 21:9, in which Jesus rode into Jerusalem on the back of a donkey, thereby fulfilling yet another Old Testament prophesy. “Rejoice in the Lord, O daughter of Zion!.” O daughter of Jerusalem, let your voice be heard!

ESV translation of Zechariah 9:9.
When a complicated combination of Hebrew words is expressed in English, it is called “Hosanna.” A prayer for salvation, it literally translates as “I implore you to save” or “please deliver us.” Do you understand the true significance of the term “Son of David” now that you’ve read this?
The cries of the crowd were a plea for salvation, an acknowledgment that Jesus has the capacity to forgive sins and rescue those who believe in him.
Mark 12:35-37provides more evidence that the Son of David is more than a physical reference: Whose Son Is the Christ, and Where Does He Come From?
36 “‘The Lord said to my Lord, ‘Sit at my right hand until I bring your adversaries under your feet,'” David proclaimed, speaking by the Holy Spirit.
Mark 12:35-37 (KJV) When we read this particular verse from the Gospel of Mark, we find Jesus addressing the religious authorities.
And they were certainly not pleased with the fact that He was referred to as the Son of David.
“The Lord said to my Lord, ‘Sit at my right hand until I bring your adversaries under your feet,'” David said, speaking through the Holy Spirit.
The religious authorities of the period were adamant in their refusal to recognise Jesus as the prophesied Messiah.

Christ is the final fulfillment of Old Testament predictions and the long-awaited Messiah, as stated in the Bible. He is the Son of David, and he is also the One whom David referred to as his Lord.

Why is Jesus called the Son of God?

According to John 3:16, Jesus is referred to be the Son of God because He is the only begotten Son of the Father. Jesus had a human legal father in Joseph, as well as a human birth mother in Mary, yet he was and continues to be the eternal Son of God, the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and end of time and space. The fact that He had legal, human parents didn’t change the reality that His Father was God. In Luke 1:35, an angel appears to Mary, a young virgin lady, and tells her that she will miraculously conceive via the power of the Holy Spirit and that she would give birth to the Son of God through her.

This Son of God was none other than Jesus Christ, who was God manifested in the flesh.
I’m well aware that it’s tough for us to understand this notion at this point.
Well, Isaiah 55:8 is a wonderful Bible scripture that springs to mind.
He is both entirely divine and fully human at the same time.

Jesus Son of David scripture: Where do we find this ‘title’ in the Bible?

In John 3:16, it is revealed that Jesus is God’s only born Son, thereby earning him the title “Son of God.” Jesus had a human legal father in Joseph, as well as a human birth mother in Mary, yet he was and continues to be the eternal Son of God, the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last. The fact that He had legal, human parents didn’t change the reality that his Father was God. An angel appears to Mary (a young virgin lady) in Luke 1:35, telling her that she would miraculously conceive by the Holy Spirit and that she will give birth to the Son of God through that miracle.

It was Jesus, God manifested in the flesh, who was this Son of God.

I’m well aware that it’s tough for us to understand this notion at this point in our lives.

The Bible passage Isaiah 55:8 immediately came to mind.

The fact that he is both divine and human is without dispute. This man is exactly what the prophets predicted and what everyone was expecting from the Messiah.

According to John 3:16, Jesus is referred to be the Son of God since He is God’s only born Son. Despite the fact that Jesus had a human, legal father in Joseph and a human birth mother in Mary, he was and continues to be the everlasting Son of God, the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. His Father was God, despite the fact that he had legal, human parents. In Luke 1:35, an angel appears to Mary, a young virgin lady, and tells her that she will miraculously conceive by the power of the Holy Spirit and that she would give birth to the Son of God. Find out more about Mary and other prominent New Testament women who accomplished great things for the kingdom of God by visiting this site: This Son of God was Jesus, who was God shown in the flesh. We can also see in John 14:9 that anybody who has seen Jesus has also seen the Father, according to Jesus’ own words. I’m well aware that it’s tough for us to understand this notion at this time. How can Jesus be born of a woman and still be God in the flesh – and how can he be the Son of God while having a human father (Joseph)? Isaiah 55:8 is a wonderful Bible scripture that springs to mind. According to the LORD, “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, and your ways are not my ways,” says the LORD. Jesus is one hundred percent God and one hundred percent man. He is both totally heavenly and fully human in every way. He embodies all that was predicted and anticipated of the Messiah.

Final Thoughts

The term “Son of David” refers to Jesus’ physical ancestors, but it is much more than that in the final analysis. It’s only a title. One of the Messianic titles that belongs to our Lord and Savior, who was the one who fulfilled God’s promise stated in 2 Samuel 7:12-13. Yes, Jesus is a direct descendant of King David, according to tradition. And he is the one and only God. There is no beginning or end to the Lamb of God, Master, Christ, and Lord. *** Is your religious belief supported by evidence?

Why Is Jesus called the Son of David? – Questions And Answers

Throughout Matthew’s first gospel, which is preserved in our New Testament, he refers to Jesus as “the son of David,” as if it were a type of introduction before he goes on to write the genealogy he is about to write, and possibly even as a preamble to Matthew’s whole witness about the Savior. In ancient Israel, David was regarded as the greatest of the kings. Christ is referred to as the “Only Begotten of the Father” while he is in the flesh. Mary had to be of Davidic origin in order for Jesus to be a real descendant (and so a son) of David.

Because David reigned as king of Israel, his descendants were entitled to the throne in accordance with the patriarchal order.
Perhaps we can take the analysis a step further by distinguishing between “son of David” with a lowercase’s’ and “son of David” with a capital ‘S.’ Any son or descendant of David is denoted by the lowercase’s’ variant of his name.
Nevertheless, the title “Son of David” with an emphasis on the capital “S” has been bestowed upon just one individual who has ever walked the face of the world.
To put it another way, by calling Jesus as “Son Of David”, one is “demonstrating.
335).
Therefore, it is appropriate that Jesus be referred to as Messiah—the Anointed One—because He is a Prophet, Priest, and King.
David freed Israel from the tyranny of political and religious authorities.

It is no surprise that the Jews were “excitedly anticipating” the arrival of that Deliverer, given that the Old Testament is replete with references to the coming of One who would unite Israel once and for all, give them the law of God to live by, and deliver them from their oppressive situation in their homeland.

Jesus Christ, the Son of David, was and continues to be that Deliverer.

Why is Jesus called the Son of David?

Matthew refers to Jesus as “the son of David” in the opening verse of the first gospel as it appears in our New Testament, as if it were a type of precursor to the genealogy he is about to write, and maybe, as a preface to Matthew’s entire witness concerning the Savior’s life and ministry. In ancient Israel, David was the most powerful monarch. When speaking about Christ in the flesh, he is referred to as “the Only Begotten of God.” To be a true descendant (and hence son) of David, Mary would have had to be of Davidic lineage in order for Jesus to be a real descendant (and therefore son).

Another crucial fact about Jesus’ birth is that it took place in Bethlehem, otherwise known as the City of David.
Any son or descendant of David is represented by the lowercase’s’ variant.
A person who has ever walked the world has been given the honor of bearing the title “Son of David,” with a capital ‘S.’ When requested to perform a miracle, it is only ever used in reference to Jesus of Nazareth.
335).
The fact that Jesus is referred to as Messiah—the Anointed One—is appropriate given His role as Prophet, High Priest, and Ruler of all.
Political and religious tyranny were lifted off Israel by David.

What Does it Mean That Jesus Is the Son of David?

This issue is virtually identical to the one that the Jews raised when they sought to stone Jesus for claiming to be equal to God and to have come before Abraham and the prophets. When Jesus claimed that he had come before Abraham, they deemed it impossible, and they intended to stone him to death because he had blasphemed, as had been their norm for centuries. Are you more powerful than our ancestor Abraham? He died, as did the prophets before him. “What do you think you’re doing here?” As Jesus said, “If I exalt myself, then my glory is worthless.” My Father, whom you claim to be your God, is the one who gives me honor and glory.

However, I do know him and follow his instructions, so if I stated otherwise, I would be a lie like you.

“Very honestly I tell you,” Jesus said, “I am the one who existed before Abraham was born!” After hearing this, they went out and collected stones to stone him.

As recorded in John 10:32-33, Jesus told them, “‘I have demonstrated to you many wonderful deeds from the Father.'” Which of them do you want me to get stoned for?’ It was not for any good deed that they were stoning him, but for blasphemy, for the reason that he claimed to be God.

The Lineage of David

For the sake of answering the primary issue, let us first go through some of the prophecies that pointed to Jesus as the Messiah who would come from the line of David. The Lord says, “In those days and at that time, I will raise up a righteous Branch from David’s line; he will uphold justice and righteousness throughout the nation” (Jeremiah 33:15). Then Isaiah replied, “Listen up, you descendants of David! ” Is it not enough to test the limits of human endurance? Will you put my God’s patience to the test as well?

A son has been given to us, and the government will be on his shoulders since we have a kid born to us.
During his reign on David’s throne and as ruler of his country, he would establish and sustain it with justice and righteousness from that point on and forevermore.
The scriptures above plainly demonstrate that Christ is a descendant of David who will rule in righteousness forever.
“How is it that professors of the law say that Christ is the son of David?” Jesus inquired while teaching in the temple courts.

The Genealogy of Christ

When we look at the genealogy of Jesus Christ, we can readily see how the prophesy that Jesus would come from the lineage of David was fulfilled throughout his life (Matthew 1:1-17). A stem will emerge from the stump of Jesse, and a branch will yield fruit from the root of his tree (Isaiah 11:1). As the Lord said, “the days are drawing near in which I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely, doing what is just and right throughout the land.” The kingdom of Judah will be saved, and the land of Israel will be secure throughout his reign.

A chronicle of the lineage of Jesus Christ, the son of David and the grandson of Abraham, is available online (Mathew 1:1).

In the same way that you and I come from a family line, Jesus, in his human form, came from the House of David.

Because both Mary and Joseph were sprung from David, Jesus is correctly referred to as the son of David. God himself, speaking through David in the spirit of prophecy, said, “For the Lord says to my Lord,” referring to the phrase “For the Lord says to my Lord” (Psalms 110:1).

What Does This Mean?

While studying Jesus’ family tree, we can clearly see how the prophesy that Jesus would come from the line of David came true (Matthew 1:1-17). A branch bearing fruit will grow from the stump of Jesse, and a shoot will grow from his root (Isaiah 11:1). As the Lord said, “the days are drawing near in which I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely, doing what is just and right in the land,” Judah will be rescued, and Israel will be secure throughout his reign. This is the name by which he will be addressed: the Lord our righteousness (Jeremiah 23:5-6).

Taking a closer look, we can see that Jesus was foretold, having been born of human flesh; the house of David is his genealogy, as evidenced in Matthew chapter 1:17.

What is the importance of Jesus being called the Son of David, the Son of God, and the Son of Man respectively?

When we look at the genealogy of Jesus Christ, we can plainly see how the prophesy that Jesus would come from the lineage of David was fulfilled in his person (Matthew 1:1-17). A stem will emerge from the stump of Jesse, and a branch will yield fruit from his root (Isaiah 11:1). The days are drawing near, says the Lord, when I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land. Judah will be rescued, and Israel will be secure throughout his reign.

A chronicle of the lineage of Jesus Christ, the son of David and the grandson of Abraham, is provided (Mathew 1:1).

In the same way that you and I come from a family line, Jesus came from the House of David when he took on human form.

Because both Mary and Joseph were sprung from David, Jesus is properly referred to as the son of David.

Jesus Called the Son of David

What is the significance of Jesus being referred to be the son of David in the Bible? In the New Testament, Jesus is referred to as “the Son of David” fourteen times. Son is capitalized a total of twelve times in this passage. It is not the case both times (Matthew 1:1;12:23). The term “son” can refer to a variety of things in the Bible. It can relate to the biological and direct son of an earthly father, but it can also apply to other people or places. For example, to be a son might imply that one is a direct descendent of the father.

That implies he was a direct descendant of David, and as a result, David was a great-great-great-grandfather to him on a number of levels.

Through her, Jesus was recognized as a descendant of David.

The scribes, according to Jesus, preached that “Christ is the Son of David,” and he mentioned this (Mark 12:35).

(Mathew12:22-23). In recognizing Jesus as the Christ, they were referring to the Messiah who had been prophesied to arrive. As a result, there are several possible explanations for why this title was granted to Christ.

It was predicted that the Messiah will sit on David’s throne (Isaiah 9:6-7
Jeremiah 23:5). As a result, it was essential that the Messiah be born into David’s straight line (Psalm 132:11
Acts 13:22-23)
Otherwise, the Messiah would have been rejected. It was Jesus Christ who brought this promise of a ruler to sit on the throne of David to fruition (Luke 1:31-33).

Be a result, because Jesus was the Son of David, He was also referred to as the King of the Jews (Matthew 2:2;27:11).

How is Jesus the son of David?

Because Jesus was the Son of David, He was also the King of the Jews, a position that he held until his death (Matthew 2:2;27:11).

Why Was Jesus Called The Son of David?

Jesus is known by many other names. Aside from being the Son of God and the Son of Man, He is also referred to be the “Son of David,” which means “son of David” in Hebrew. What is the reason behind this? The power of a name The power of a name cannot be overstated. The Bible provides us with several examples of people whose names revealed a great deal about them. For example, in Genesis 3:20, we learn that Adam named his wife “Eve” because she was the “mother of all the living,” which means she was the “mother of all the living.” Because they were the first pair on the planet, all males are descended from them, and this is understandable.

These examples merely demonstrate that a person’s name represents his or her identity, character, and destiny in the world in which they live.
One key reason why Jesus was referred to as the Son of David may be understood in light of this historical context.
Just to give you an idea of how important that reference is, it simply spells out Jesus’ very lineage: He was a descendant of King David, according to legend (see Matthew 1:1-16).
Of course, being referred to as the Son of David implied this.
God told David that the Messiah would be his Descendant, and this is what happened: “When your days are done and you have gone to rest with your fathers, I will rise up after you an offspring from your body, and I will establish his dominion over the world.
My role will be that of a parent to him, and his will be that of my son.
In the same way that I lifted my commitment from Saul, whom I deposed before you, I will not abandon him.

Here are some other explanations.

Here are a few examples of them.

Jesus, like David, was adamant about doing whatever it took to satisfy God.

2) He is the Good Shepherd of God’s flock of sheep.

Jesus Christ is the Great Shepherd who cares for His Father’s flock, which includes all of us who believe in Him (see Hebrews 13:20; John 10:14).

David rescued his sheep from the claws of the bear and the fangs of the lion, saving them from certain death (see 1 Samuel 17:34-37). As recorded in 1 John 3:8 and Colossians 1:13, Jesus saved us all from the snares of the devil and the clutches of sin, and he continues to shepherd us.

Why introduce Jesus as the son of Abraham and David?

“The genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham,” says the Bible. (See Matthew 1:15) Immediately following the presentation of Jesus as the son of Abraham, the man God blessed to father His chosen people and David, the king after God’s own heart, prophesies and promises given to Hebrews or adherents of Judaism come to mind. Everything else is only relevant and significant to a Jewish audience who would have been well educated in the Old Testament’s salvation history, its predictions of a resurrected Messiah, and its promise of the restoration of David’s kingdom, among other things.

In the case of a Jewish author, such as Matthew, he would have recognized the importance and necessity of beginning his gospel written to Jews by demonstrating that Jesus Christ has come to fulfill the promises of the Old Covenant (Testament), primarily because the Jews were anticipating the coming of a Messiah through David’s line (Howell, 4).

Based on this basis, Matthew goes on to demonstrate that Jesus is the one who brings to fruition “all that the people of Israel had hoped for as indicated in the Lord’s promises to Abraham and David” (Howell, 4).

The usage of Jewish terminology, notably the phrase “Rule of Heaven,” immediately conveys the message that Jesus is the successor to David’s throne, whose kingdom will remain forever, according to the Bible (2 Samuel 7:16).

The genealogy serves as a seamless transition from the narrow Jewish stream of salvation that flows through one man, nation, and people (Howell’s lecture) to the now overflowing river of salvation that will wash over the entire Gentile world as a result of Jesus Christ’s victorious work on the cross (Howell’s lecture).

John Sailhamier is a writer who lives in the United Kingdom. H.NIV Compact Bible Commentary (New International Version). Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, 1994
Don N. Howell Jr., The Passion of the Servant, Grand Rapids, 1994. WipfStock – Resource Publications, Eugene, 2009
Elwell, Walter A. Evangelical Commentary on the Bible, Eugene, WipfStock – Resource Publications, 2009. Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1989
Walton, Steve. David Wenham is the author of this work. Finding Your Way Through the New Testament: A Guide to the Gospels and Acts InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL, 2001, p. 222