How Tall Was Jesus Cross?

How Tall Is The Height Of Jesus Christ?

  1. Because today is December 25th, 2012, I’m dedicating a special post to Jesus Christ!
  2. A few days ago, I was watching a documentary on YouTube that discussed the resurrection, the final six sightings, and the ascension of Jesus Christ, and it prompted me to ask a very simple question: ″How tall was Jesus Christ?″ ″Can you tell me how tall Jesus was?″ Given the plethora of historical figures on whom I might have conducted a height study, I believe that making an educated prediction about the guy who has probably had the most impact on the world’s population than any other individual would be the most suitable course of action.
  3. In an interesting twist, a 1978 book titled ″The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History″ asserts that Jesus is only third on the list, trailing only his Muslim counterpart Muhammad and Isaac Newton.
  4. However, I believe that determining who is more important is more personal and biased among historians, given that everything is subjective, including height, as opposed to height.
  5. I did utilize Wikipedia and Biography.com as sources of information.
  6. To begin, we know from the New Testament that Jesus was born in a manger/stable in the town of Bethlehem, which was in present-day Palestine, due to a shortage of inn space, and that he was circumcised.

According to Western Orthodox Christianity, this is the tale that is being recounted.There is no indication that his mother and ″father″ Joseph were anything more than regular folks.Joseph worked as a sheep herder.During his childhood, Jesus grew up in the town of Nazareth, in the area of Galilee, which is today a wide portion of northern Israel.In that region of Israel, the most widely spoken languages were, in descending order of prevalence, Semitic Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek, all of which were spoken in the region.

We are aware that he is Jewish.I once tried to find out whether the terms ″Jew″ and ″Jewish″ refer to a religious, ethnic, or racial group of individuals, or whether they refer to a group of people based on religion, ethnicity, or race.The terms ″Jew″ and ″Jewish,″ I believe, are used interchangeably in all settings, including religion, ethnicity, and race, at least in the United States.For myself, I’m still struggling to understand what the word means and how it should be used correctly.In terms of ethnicity, if I sought to characterize Jesus as Jewish, it would tell me very nothing about who he was.

This is taken from the Wikipedia article on the Appearance of Jews Based on Stereotypes, which says…Caricatures and cartoons of Jews frequently feature dark complexion, curling black hair, huge hook noses, thick lips, dark eyes, and kippahs, among other characteristics…″ Jews are frequently depicted as having big noses or hook noses in popular culture.Jews are also depicted as swarthy and hirsute in popular culture.

  1. In addition, there is a brown, edible woods fungus called Auricularia cornea, which is sometimes known as ″Hairy Jew’s ear.″ Among the stereotypes about Jews that I recall from my childhood is that they are seldom classified as ″tall,″ but rather as being of normal height or small stature.
  2. According to JewishEncyclopedia.com…
  3. ″The average height of Jews is 162.1 cm; the average spread of their arms is 169.1 cm; and the average girth across the chest is around 81 cm, making them the shortest and narrowest of all Europeans.″ Their skulls are mostly brachycephalic, which means that the breadth accounts for more than 80 percent of the total length.
  4. Many people believe that this is an argument against racial purity because the majority of Semites—including Arabs and Syrians—have dolichocephalic (longheaded) faces.
  5. As a result, Jewish skulls are nearly the broadest in all of Europe, and it is impossible to tell how this attribute could have developed from any combination; it is most likely related to cerebral growth.″ It is not stated if this statistic refers to males, women, or the average of all persons when referring to this figure.
  • Answers.com for the question on Judaism…
  • It is dependent on whatever Jewish organization you belong to…
  • Ashkenazi Jews are often tall individuals.
  • Almost all of the Ashkenazi (white) Jews I’ve met are above 6’0″ and most are in the 5’10″ – 6’1″ height range…
  • The Mizrahi and Sephardim Jews are typically between 5’6′′ and 5’9′′ in height, however this varies.

The primary reason that these eastern European Jews are tall is that the majority of eastern Europeans, whether Jews or Gentiles, are also tall.I am a fourth-generation Jew who stands 5’4′′ tall and has been around since I was approximately 16 years old…Is it safe to assume the height gene was dominant?…

  • Actually, the shortest Jewish men I’ve encountered are Ashkenazi, and they were between 5’7″ and 5’9″ in height.
  • The Sephardi people I encountered throughout Central and South America, as well as Mexico, ranged in height from 6’4″ to 6’8″.
  • It appears that the name Jews embraces a wide range of people, including Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardim, and other ethnicities.
  • When looking at the website JewishEncyclopedia.com, it appears that the website is quite unfavorable towards Jews since it asserts that on average, Jews are between one and three centimeters shorter than the ″gentiles″ that surround them.
  1. According to these sources, it is evident that Jesus’ ethnicity as a Jew is of little assistance to me in determining his height.
  2. It appears that the average adult male height in modern-day Israel is 5′ 9.5′′, while the average adult female height is 5′ 5.5′′.
  3. (source).
  4. Taking into consideration that present-day Israel (and its territory of Palestine) is a developed country (at least the Tel Aviv portion) with all of the modern amenities such as shopping centers, which would indicate that the people there are getting at least enough food, the right amount of nutrition when they are young, and are not suffering from malnutrition, we could say that the people in that region have reached their genetic peak.
  5. My previous statement that there is no ″genetic peak″ is supported by the fact that I am confident that the offspring of Israelis who migrate to the Netherlands will wind up being around 3-4 inches taller than their immigrant parents in the end.
  6. It is difficult to determine the racial mixing and purity of a population without the use of DNA equipment.

At least a half dozen significant battles have been fought over, overtaken, and looted in the history of Israel, and its people have been raped and pillaged on several occasions.The Mongols, the Christians during the Crusades, the Ottomans, the Turks, the Egyptians, the Hittites, the Persians, the Babylonians, and the Assyrians have all passed through and left a genetic stamp on the people of the country of Turkey.Consequently, using typical average height statistics based on ethnic group data, it is not feasible to accurately estimate the height of Jesus.We know from the experiences of North Korea and South Korea that starvation will have a detrimental effect on the physical appearance of its people.

According to an old essay titled ″Longevity and health among ancient Paleolithic vs.Neolithic peoples″ by Ward Nicholson, men who lived during the Hellenistic period (300 BC-100 AD) were around 172 cm tall and women were approximately 156 cm tall, respectively.According to ReligiousTolerance.Org…His physical attributes are as follows: His height is unknown to us; we do not know if he was tall or little.The picture on the Shroud of Turin (which many believe to be the burial shroud of Jesus) depicts a man whose height has been reported to range from 5′ 1112″ to 6′ 2″ in height.

Compared to this, Jews who lived in the first century CE were significantly shorter.In the words of author William Harwood: ″According to a medieval source, Joseph depicted Jesus as an old-looking man, balding, hunched over, with connected eyebrows, and around 135 cm (4ft 6 in) tall.″ 2 This is based on the conventional 46-centimeter-long regular cubit — an ancient unit of distance — as a starting point for calculation.Jesus’ height would have been around 156 cm if the 53 cm special cubit had been used (5ft 1in.).The author Harwood also makes the point that if Jesus was truly 6 feet tall, his stature would have been so astounding that he would very surely have been characterized as a ″very tall guy″ by those who wrote the Christian Scriptures.

  • Even if I were to make an informed estimate, I would conclude that Jesus was most likely not the 5′ 11′′-6′ 2′′ figure that appears to be shown on the Shroud of Turin.
  • Due to ethnic demography, 6′ 0′′ by today’s standards might be considered tall in various countries, and even in some regions of the United States, depending on where you live.
  • The alternative recommended height of 5′ 1′′ appears to be more acceptable, if a little on the short side in my opinion; nevertheless, I have no way of knowing what the typical male height of individuals in historical Israel is.
  • Another reputable source, TheGospelCoalition.Org, published an article titled ″What did Jesus Look Like?″ written by Justin Taylor…

Using skeletal remains, archeologists were able to definitively determine that the typical build of a Semite guy at the time of Jesus was 5 ft.1 in.tall and weighed around 110 pounds.″ The thought of being over a foot taller than Jesus might seem a little weird at first.It is, nonetheless, beneficial to have our cultural preconceptions, and even prejudices, questioned.Archaeologists have discovered bone remains that appear to support the 5’1″ number once more.

  1. This time, however, the figure is approximated rather than seen.
  2. In an old article on Popular Mechanics titled ″The Real Face Of Jesus,″ we see that the same source is quoted, and the premise is that Jesus was an average height guy who was a Galilee Semite, according to the author.
  3. Because it indicates that Jesus was a carpenter, we know that he was probably quite strong and that he worked in the sun, which means that his face was probably more wrinkled and darker, which would indicate that his complexion was olive colored, or Meditarrenean in hue.

It would be appropriate to reiterate that the genuine historical Jesus was deemed to be not only unattractive, but also quite ordinary in appearance as well.Even religious experts who attempted to do study based on biblical quotations, such as those found HERE, have come to the conclusion that Jesus was of ordinary height, the same height as his disciples.In the end, he made the point that the physical stature of an individual has nothing to do with whether or not they are a nice person.Conclusion: The majority of the findings support the notion that Jesus was 5 feet 1 inch tall.We do know that, according to the scriptures, Jesus and the people who lived in his region subsisted solely on bread and fish.

Fish does include protein, although it is not as abundant as in cow’s milk.Although a diet of bread and fish will theoretically keep a person alive, it will almost certainly prevent them from reaching their full potential.Jesus’ height was most likely shortened as a result of his diet.Furthermore, we know that Jesus, like many other religious leaders, engaged in the practice of fasting.

In my article ″Increase Height and Grow Taller Through Intermittent Fasting,″ I discussed the concept of intermittent fasting to increase height, but it is important to note that Jesus did not begin preaching his message until he was far over the age of thirty.Immediately following his birth, there appears to be little sign that Jesus was anything exceptional or spiritual for a lengthy period of time.If the benefits of fasting were to have any influence on him, he would not have done it while he was still developing.Because of his hard labor life, he was most likely slouching a little bit while he spoke.

  1. According to the findings of the previous research, the Bedouin/Arabic/Semitic people who lived in that region 2000 years ago were not the tallest group of people in the world.
  2. The environment had a significant role in this.
  3. According to my estimates, between 300 and 400 years after the Roman Empire was destroyed, the average height of individuals in Europe was probably 2-3 inches shorter than it was 300 years before, when the Romans had plenty of food and meat to consume.
  4. Assuming that this concept of time reversal can be extrapolated back to the period of Rome’s early empire, we may estimate that the average roman male stood between five and five feet three inches and five feet five inches in height.
  5. During that time period, Jesus was alive, but he was not a Roman, and he did not live the same life as the Romans.
  6. The 2 inches of difference in height that would result from the difference in lifestyle and the hardship of his life suggest that the value assigned by archaeologists is fairly close to the mark.

Finally, I would argue that the genuine height of the historical Jesus Christ was most likely between 5’0″ and 5′ 2″ in height.To bring this essay to a close, it appears that even the authors of Family Guy have come around to the concept that Jesus was probably lower than the current notion of normal height.A clip from Family Guy – The Second Coming Of Jesus from Hulu.com has been posted below for your viewing pleasure.Enjoy.

How Tall Was Jesus?

Have you ever found yourself standing next to a very tall individual and had the courage to inquire as to their height?People are captivated with height, so it’s understandable that they’d question, ″How tall did Jesus stand?″ No one knows the solution to this question, which is the quickest response.While the Bible makes no reference of Jesus’ height, most academics believe he was between 5’1″ and 5’5″ in height, which was typical for his generation at the time of his death.They would have made a comment if Jesus’ arrival had been noteworthy in any manner, according to the Gospels’ writers.For example, in the Gospel of Luke, a tax collector named Zacchaeus is described as being of average height.″Jesus was on his way to him, and Zacchaeus was interested in seeing what he was like.

Zacchaeus, on the other hand, was a small man who couldn’t see above the crowd.As a result, he went ahead and climbed up into a sycamore tree,″ says the author.(Luke 19:3-4, Christian Standard Version) If Jesus had been taller than the average person in the throng, Zacchaeus would have been able to see him clearly over the rest of the people.

In the Old Testament, the future king Saul is described as having a pleasing appearance and standing tall.″Kish had a son named Saul, who was better-looking and more than a head taller than everyone else in all of Israel,″ according to the story.(1 Samuel 9:2, New International Version) As recounted in 1 Samuel 17:4, Goliath was depicted as a giant who stood six cubits and a span tall, which corresponds to more than nine feet tall in modern measurements.

What Does Research Say about How Tall Jesus Was?

Despite the fact that the authors of the Bible did not record Jesus’ height in cubits or millimeters, this has not prevented Bible scholars and scientists from investigating the subject, ″How tall was Jesus?″.Author and academic Joan Taylor (Kings College London) wrote the book What Did Jesus Look Like?, which talks about the physical appearance of Jesus in the first century AD.She explains in her book that ″rather than towering above others in Judea, Jesus was around 5 foot 5 inches (1.7 meters) tall, which corresponds to the average height documented in skeletal remains from males living at the period″ in Judea.In their investigation, forensic anthropologists from the United Kingdom and Israel examined this subject.When forensic anthropologists utilized an Israeli skull from the first century to model what Jesus might have looked like, they employed archeological and anatomical knowledge to create a realistic simulation.Jesus would have stood 5′ 1″ tall and weighed 110 pounds, according to their estimates.

What Does the Resurrection Have to Do with Jesus’ Height?

Because Christians believe Jesus was raised after being crucified and has risen into heaven, neither forensic anthropologists nor Biblical scholars have been able to ascertain his exact height.This is because there is no physical body left to measure.He was carried up into heaven and seated at the right hand of God after he had spoken to them,″ the book of Revelation states.(Matthew 16:19) Following Jesus’ crucifixion, the Apostle Luke wrote of the disciples of Jesus who came to the tomb to pay their respects.″And when they went into the tomb, they discovered that the stone had been rolled aside, but they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus there.″ While they were bewildered about what was going on, two men in brilliant attire appeared alongside them.″Why are you looking for the live among the dead?″ the men asked them as they were terrified and lowered their heads to the ground.

He is not present, but has ascended to the heavens.″ The Bible says (Luke 24:2–5) According to Christian belief, Jesus died via crucifixion and was buried in a tomb that was covered with a huge stone.Christians were not allowed to transfer Jesus’ corpse from the grave, so Roman troops guarded it.The third day after the crucifixion, Jesus’ followers went to the tomb to carry out their burial custom.

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However, when they arrived at the tomb, the stone had been moved aside, but the corpse had not been laid to rest as expected.Following his resurrection, Jesus appeared to his followers for 40 days (Acts 1:2), after which he ascended to the heavenly realm.The first chapter of Acts portrays Jesus’ ascension into heaven, in which he was ″lifted up, and a cloud carried him out of their sight,″ according to the text.″And when he had spoken these words, while they were watching on, he was snatched up and carried away by a cloud, completely out of their sight.″ And as they were staring up into the sky as he passed by, two men in white robes approached them and said, ″Men of Galilee, why are you standing here looking up into the sky?This Jesus, who was carried up from you into heaven, will return in the same manner in which you witnessed him go into heaven.″ (See Acts 1:9-11 for further information.) The height of Jesus has piqued the interest of many people.Despite the fact that Jesus’ height is not mentioned in the Bible, academics and scientists believe that he stood between 5’1″ and 5’5″ in height.

This estimate is based on the average heights of males throughout the first century AD, which is based on historical data.But these are only estimates that can never be proven correct or incorrect because Christians believe that, despite the fact that Jesus died on the cross and ascended into heaven, where he now sits at the right hand of God, he is still alive and well.A new face of Jesus has emerged as a result of science and computers, according to CNN.com.Jeordan Legon’s work from 2002.

″What Did Jesus Really Look Like?″ according to LiveScience.com.″A new study redraws the image of the holy.″ Owen Jarus’s work from 2018.The author of Embracing Change: Learning to Trust God through Biblical Women, as well as two books about Hezekiah, Penny Noyes, M.Ed., is well-known in the Christian community.Penny may be found on her blog and on Instagram, where she goes by the handle @pennynoyes.Photograph courtesy of Getty Images/KristiLinton

10 Powerful Facts About the Cross of Christ & His Crucifixion

An interesting book with the title: What Was God Doing on the Cross?appeared in print not too long ago.It looks that there are two questions being asked, rather than one single question.″What was God accomplishing on the cross?″ you might wonder.What was the purpose of impaling the God-man on a Roman gibbet?Isn’t it strange that God would be nailed on the cross?

Second, ″What was God doing when he was hanging on the cross?″ The question that arises once we have acknowledged that Jesus Christ was crucified is, ″what was he doing there?″ In crucifixing Jesus, what exactly was he attempting to accomplish?What was the aim of Jesus’ suffering and what was the eventual goal of his suffering?The problem is that there is an increasing number of Christians who are having a difficult time answering that question, which is a concern.

A three-fold explanation for this might be given: (1) a lessening feeling of God’s holiness; (2) a diminishing awareness of mankind’s depravity; and (3) an inordinately expanding sense of one’s own value.While I believe in the importance of having a positive self-image, I am concerned that many people are becoming so self-absorbed that they are beginning to question why Jesus had to suffer for them in the first place.But when we look at the Scripture, we know that the God-man, Jesus, was on the cross suffering the everlasting sentence we deserved because of the infinite of God’s holiness and the depths of our depravity.Photo Courtesy: Thinkstock

How Tall Was Jesus: What Science Says

Many people are curious about how tall Jesus was.While it is hard to know for certain, the following estimates indicate that Jesus might have been significantly taller than the average male of today.Here’s how it works: No one knows precisely how tall Jesus was, but we can obtain a decent idea of how tall he was based on the information in the following section.Jesus is a prominent religious figure, but he was also a human being who walked the planet at one point in his life.According to historical and scientific evidence, how tall was he?This page is not about religion, but rather about the man himself, and about what we know about him as a result of historical and scientific research and investigation.

Whatever your personal views and sentiments about Jesus, the fact that he has had an impact not just on Christians of all denominations (Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox), but also on the course of history, cannot be denied.He is considered to be one of the most important individuals in history.As a result, I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be considered sons of your heavenly Father, who makes his sun rise on the wicked and the righteous as well as the unjust.

– The Lord Jesus Christ

What Do We Know About Jesus?

When it comes to Jesus as a person, one of the most intriguing things about him is how little we actually know about him.However, we do know a few facts about the man, so it is not entirely a question of faith.He was born in the Roman province of Judea, which is where he was raised (part of present-day Israel, Jordan, and Palestine).He was only alive for a brief period of time (about 30 years).The exact dates of his birth and death are unknown, although it is thought that he was born about 4 BC and died around 30 or 33 AD, depending on who you ask.Jesus is today referred to as both Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, depending on who you ask.

During his lifetime, he was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who was well-known in his community.To Christians, Jesus is the Son of God who took on human flesh and became the foretold Messiah or Christ (Matthew 1:23–23).

Can The Bible Give Us A Clue?

Our knowledge of Jesus’ life and teaching activities is mostly derived from the four canonical gospels included inside the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).However, there are other references to his life in other books of the New Testament, including the Gospel of John.Another source of information about Jesus’ life is apocryphal narratives, many of which were circulated among early Christians but which did not make it into the New Testament.For example, the gospels of Peter, Thomas, and Judas are examples of this.The majority of biblical scholars feel that the apocryphal gospels were written considerably later than the canonical gospels and, as a result, are significantly less credible as records of Jesus’ life and teachings.Despite the fact that the writers of the four canonical authors remain nameless, they have been assigned to four persons who were close to Jesus and have come to be known as the four evangelists as a result of their association with him.

In addition to the Gospel of Mark, which is assigned to John Mark, who was a close buddy of Peter, the Gospels of Mathew and of John are each attributed to two of Jesus’ followers, and in the Gospel of Luke, the authorship of the Gospel is given to a companion of Paul.Observe that the canonical gospels are not completely trustworthy from a historical standpoint.Despite the fact that this is a source of debate among scholars, there appears to be considerable agreement in regards to the consideration of Matthew, Mark, and Luke (the Synoptic Gospels).

According to this assessment, John’s gospel is the least historically credible of the four gospels.

What Did Jesus Look Like?

Some of the questions about Jesus are based on the fact that the gospels include just a few specifics regarding Jesus’ physical appearance, leading to speculation.However, in more recent years, scholars have attempted to provide an answer to this topic.For example, Joan Taylor’s book, What Did Jesus Look Like?, is an examination of the physical appearance of Jesus.In it, the author makes an attempt to move beyond the countless creative representations of Jesus that have been created.Taylor describes her early excursions to Israel and Palestine in an essay she published for ″The Church Times,″ as well as the curiosity she had when she came upon antique pieces of fabric.She was shocked since developments in archeology have demonstrated that the clothing worn by individuals in first-century Judea is more similar to the clothing worn by people throughout the world in the Greco-Roman world, which is not surprising given that Judea was a Roman colony.

A Church Times article on her book mentions how she was aware that Jesus would have seemed to be a Sephardi Jew or a modern-day Palestinian, and that she was conscious of this.Moreover, she discusses how she went back to multiple sources in her attempt to put together what the real Jesus might have looked like, as opposed to much later creative portrayals of him.

Avoiding Stereotypes

The difficulty in attempting to visualize Jesus as a modern-day Jew in terms of his physical appearance is that many non-Jewish people are only familiar with the caricature of the hooked nose or the dark complexion of the guy who claimed to be Jesus.As a matter of fact, there are several separate organizations that fall under the umbrella of the Jewish cultural community.Despite the fact that there are two major groups of Jews — the Ashkenazim, who are originally from central Europe, and the Sephardim, who are originally from Spain — there are several minor groups, including African Jews, Italian Jews, Cochin Jews, and others.As a result, reducing the appearance of Jewish people to a handful of characteristics is not only reductive, but also wrong.It will likewise be ineffective to try to figure out how tall the typical Jewish guy is now in order to figure out how tall Jesus was.

What Evidence Is There?

One cannot determine exactly how tall Jesus was or even if he was tall or short for that historical time without using historical records as a starting point.The Shroud of Turin (on the left), which is believed to depict a direct picture of Jesus Christ.It is located in the Duomo Turino (right) in the Italian capital of Turin.It is possible that Jesus was as tall as 6’2″ according to the picture on the Shroud of Turin, if we follow the image on the Shroud of Turin.However, that is an excessively lofty height for males who lived in the first century BC.Because of his height, writers of the New Testament would have mentioned it, but as far as we know, there are no mentions of it elsewhere in the New Testament.

Archeological study appears to imply that the typical Semite male during Jesus’ estimated lifetime stood 5’1″ tall, according to some estimates.This is the only scientific evidence that can be used to determine Jesus’ height, and it is considered reliable.This is, of course, insufficient evidence to make any definitive statements about Jesus’ height, but that is all we have.

About Juan Ramos PRO INVESTOR

Juan has been writing about science for more than a decade, and he keeps up with the latest technical and scientific developments on a regular basis.When it comes to science and technology, Juan is well-known for breaking down difficult topics and presenting them in an easily consumable format for educational purposes.Originally from the United Kingdom, Juan holds a Master’s degree from The Open University.

Construction of the Cross – Roman Engineering

Roman Engineering was used in the construction of the cross.A large number of reenactments of Jesus carrying His crucifixion are taking place as we approach Good Friday.The chances are good that these representations are incorrect.It was the Roman army, which was tasked with the brutal torture and executions by crucifixion, that was renowned for its effectiveness.They had honed this savage procedure to a high art form by this point.The Romans desired to inflict the most amount of agony and suffering on the ″guilty″ while exerting the least amount of work on their own part.

There was no way for prisoners to carry the complete cross to their executions.As a substitute, they simply carried the cross-piece, which was known as a patibulum.The palibulum was put over the shoulders and the arms were knotted in place to keep them in place.

In cases when nails were employed, they were driven into the wrists at the location of the execution.The nails were not designed to support the prisoner, but rather to inflict the greatest amount of suffering possible.The nails punctured nerves in the wrists, causing one of the most excruciating kinds of anguish a man can endure.The vertical portion of the cross, known as the stipe, was permanently installed at the location of executions to denote the location of executions.When compared to digging a hole and inserting the stipe each time someone was to be crucified, this method was far more efficient.The efficiency of the Romans!

Despite the fact that it was not exceptionally tall, the stipe was sufficient to ensure that the prisoner’s feet did not come into direct contact with the ground when the patibulum was attached.The Romans didn’t want to put too much effort into hoisting the palibulum, which had a prisoner attached, to the top of the stipe since it would be too difficult.The reason hyssop was presented to Jesus on a stick was not because the prisoner was so high; rather, it was to protect the Roman soldier’s fingers from being bitten off by the prisoner’s teeth.The feet were connected to the stipe in order for the prisoner to be able to ″raise″ himself up and prevent himself from choking prematurely.

This would only serve to prolong the misery and increase the intensity of the anguish.If the executioners permit it, a prisoner might survive for up to a week after his or her execution.When nails were utilized, it was again for the purpose of severing nerves and increasing suffering, rather than to provide support for the prisoner.The Romans who executed Jesus’ crucifixion were soldiers of the 10th Legion, mercenaries who were well-known for their ferocity at the time.For the executioners, this was just another day at the office.To them, Jesus was just another criminal who needed to be put to death with the greatest amount of suffering possible, as a warning to those who dared to challenge Roman authority.

  1. It was just another grueling day’s job.
  2. As a result, the Romans were in complete command of a highly planned and extremely efficient process at every stage.
  3. They were the real deal!
  4. Except for the fact that they have NO CONTROL!
  5. All of the Romans’ strength, organization, professionalism and engineering were really supporting characters in a much grander scheme than they were themselves.

God’s grandeur and strength are beyond measure!In the Word, there is Shalom (peace).

About aliveintheword

Missouri, United States Married to Marty for 45 years; they have two sons (who have two daughters-in-law) and two grandkids. A life devoted to serving Jesus Christ and spreading the Gospel of Grace

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What’s ‘true’ about Jesus’ cross?

  • Could bits of a tree survive millennia? The genuine cross phenomenon began with Ruler Constantine, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. Or are they shards of forgeries that speak to our innate desire to believe in something?

Science and archaeology provide new insights into ancient objects that may be related to the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.″Finding Jesus: Fact, Faith, and Forgery″ airs on CNN US on Sundays at 9 p.m.ET/PT and is available on demand.(CNN) In July of 2013, Turkish researchers unearthed a stone box in a 1,350-year-old church that looked to contain a piece of Jesus’ crucifixion, bringing the oldest of Jesus relics legends back to life.″We have discovered something sacred in a chest.It’s a fragment of a cross, actually ″Gülgün Körolu, an art historian and archaeologist who is in charge of the excavation crew, shared his thoughts.

She believed at the time that the chest acted as a symbolic casket for relics of a holy person, specifically those associated with Jesus’ crucifixion.

    And then, silence.

It was discovered afterwards that the box that had housed purportedly holy things had been inexplicably empty, which caused the latest relic of the cross on which Jesus died to become stuck in the middle of the process.The newest story of the ″real cross,″ which serves as a strong symbol of faith for more than two billion people throughout the world, is representative of the difficulties encountered in the search for Jesus’ relics.To state that something has the odor of the ″real cross″ might suggest that it is either a matter of divine certainty or a blatant forgery.Is it possible that remnants of the genuine cross of Jesus are still among us today?Is it possible for tree pieces to live for millennia?Maybe they’re forgeries in their own right, but they speak to our desire for belief.

Emperor Constantine, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, is credited with initiating the real cross phenomenon.He entrusted his mother, Saint Helena (c.246-330 CE), with the task of locating Jesus’ relics in the Holy Land.

When Helena arrived to Jerusalem in 326 CE, the city was still reeling from the devastation wrought by the final Jewish War, which took place between 132 and 335 CE.Following Israel’s defeat, the Roman Emperor Hadrian constructed a pagan temple over Jesus’ tomb at Calvary, which was considered a grievous insult to the nascent faith.Helena ordered the deconstruction of this heathen temple and immediately began digging beneath it in search of relics associated with Jesus.During their excavation, her team discovered three distinct crosses – a revelation that is obviously related to the Gospels, which teach us that Jesus was crucified with two other prisoners.According to the historian Rufinus (c.340-410), Helena arranged for a dying local lady to be brought to the spot in order to determine which cross belonged to Jesus.

Nothing occurred as the unwell woman pressed her hand on two crosses.Then she came into contact with the third – and she recovered.The actual cross of Jesus has now been shown to the world.When Helena carved it up, she left part of it in Jerusalem and transported the rest across the Mediterranean to Europe, where it multiplied to the point that Protestant reformer John Calvin observed: ″If all of the pieces that could be found were gathered together, they would fill a large shipload of cargo space.

Despite this, the Gospels attest to the fact that a single man was capable of carrying it.″ Was Calvin, however, exaggerating in order to bolster his own changes inside Catholicism?How could we possibly know what the genuine cross was constructed of, or what it looked like, since neither the Gospels, nor the Romans, cared to tell us what it looked like?This is where science comes in.A registry of all known components of the real cross was created by French architect Charles Rohault de Fleury in 1870.In his investigation, he discovered that the Jesus cross weighed 165 pounds, was three or four meters tall, and had a cross beam that was two meters broad.He estimated that even if all of these pieces of the crucifixion were put together, they would only equal to a third of the cross on which Jesus died, according to his calculations.

  1. De Fleury came to the conclusion that the actual cross was built of pine wood based on the bits he was permitted to inspect under a microscope.
  2. Also studied under a microscopical microscope were four cross particles, which were part of 10 fragments of the actual cross that were accompanied by documentation confirmations from Byzantine emperors.
  3. These fragments originated from some of Europe’s most important churches, including Santa Croce in Rome, Notre Dame in Paris, and the Cathedrals of Pisa and Florence.
  4. However, it was determined that they were all constructed of olive wood by scientists.
  5. Consequently, the debate arose as to whether the cross of Jesus was crafted from olive wood or pine.

A confusing reality for archaeologists is the scarcity of leftover wood from the huge record of Roman crucifixion that has been discovered.While researchers unearthed the heel bone of a crucified man with the nail still attached in 1968, they were unaware that the Romans had executed tens of thousands of people by crucifixion, including as many as 500 people per day during the siege of Jerusalem from 66 to 70 CE.Israel Hershkovitz, an anatomy and archaeology professor at Tel Aviv University who spoke at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, said that the heel bone of the crucified man was discovered in a Jewish burial tomb in a northern suburb of Jerusalem, close to Golgotha – the hill where the Romans crucified people.The guy, whose ossuary, or burial box, identified him as Yehohanan, was in his mid-twenties when he died on the cross, according to the inscription on the box.In addition to having a fine set of teeth and lacking in bulky muscle, he was most likely born from a wealthy family, as most crucifixion victims were much too modest to end up in tombs – with the exception of Jesus, who was placed in a tomb by the wealthy Joseph of Arimathea.

Given the fact that other people buried in the same tomb as Yehohanan had ties to the Temple, it’s probable that he was slain by the Romans for some political infraction.Yehohanan was nailed on the cross with a 4.5-inch nail still embedded in his right heel bone, and a piece of a board was still attached to the nail’s head when he was executed.In Hershkovitz’s opinion, the fact that the length of the nail is relatively small indicates a great deal about Roman crucifixion techniques.″The nail was too short (to penetrate through) two heel bones, thus it was inevitable that each foot was hammered individually to the cross,″ says the author.The reason, Hershkovitz believes, that crosses were not fashioned from olive trees is that people relied on the olive tree for sustenance and would not hack them down to create crosses if they did.Even more crucially, they would be unsuitable for the task at hand due to the structural characteristics of the tree itself (see below).

There are many gaps in the wood of the olive tree, making it impossible to sustain the nails against the weight of the victim.Olive trees do not grow tall and straight, but instead branch everywhere.″ The olive tree is the tree that is least suited for this situation.We have a variety of different types of local oaks that are better suited for the job.″ Today, there are even more ″true cross″ fragments on display around the world, including on Mount Athos, in Rome, in Brussels, in Venice, in Ghent, in Paris, in Spain, and in Serbia – and even in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, where a fragment of the true cross was brought over as part of the family chapel that Theodore Boal had built for his French bride after she was married there.eBay has numerous options if you wish to possess a piece of the cross on which Jesus died – some of which have original wax seals to preserve its ″purity,″ while others come with certificates attesting to the pieces’ genuineness and authenticity.

The continuous emphasis on the authenticity of real cross fragments, argues Mark Goodacre, a professor in the Department of Religion at Duke University, has been detrimental to understanding the meaning of the cross, he claims.″The thing about the cross is that you always have to remember that it’s about the person who is nailed to it; the wood itself is only a tool of torment at the end of the day,″ says the author.Michael McKinley and David Gibson are the co-authors of ″Finding Jesus: Faith.Fact.Forgery.: Six Holy Objects That Tell the Remarkable Story of the Gospels,″ which was published in 2012.

Crown of thorns – Wikipedia

El Greco’s painting of Christ bearing the cross with the crown of thorns is a good example.During the circumstances leading up to Jesus’ crucifixion, according to the New Testament, a braided crown of thorns was put on his head by the soldiers.It was one of the weapons of the Passion, used by Jesus’ captors to inflict suffering on him while also mocking his claim to power on the world stage.It is mentioned in the gospels of Matthew (″And when they had plaited a crown of thorns, they put it on his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee and mocked him, saying, ″Hail, King of the Jews!″) and Mark (″And when they had plaited a crown of thorns, they put it on his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they b The book of Matthew (27:29), Mark (15:17), and John (19:2, 5) have references to it, and the early Church Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others, frequently mention to it.Since at least the year 400, a relic thought by many to be the crown of thorns has been revered as a symbol of Christ’s suffering.During the Crusades, the Latin Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople surrendered the relic to the French King Louis IX, who subsequently reclaimed it.

After being saved from a fire in the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris on April 15, 2019, it was transported to the Louvre Museum in Paris.

As a relic

Jerusalem

When it comes to the crown of thorns, the three biblical gospels that describe it don’t explain what happened to it after the crucifixion.Paulinus of Nola, writing about 409, makes the earliest recorded account of the crown already being revered as a relic.He refers to the crown as a relic that has been worshipped by the faithful from the time of Christ (Epistle Macarius in Migne, Patrologia Latina, LXI, 407).Cassiodorus (c.570) mentions the crown of thorns as one of the relics that were ″the glory″ of the city of Jerusalem, along with other relics.There, he continues, ″we can see Our Redeemer’s thorny crown, which was only placed on his head in order that all the thorns of the earth would be gathered together and shattered″ (Migne, LXX, 621).

Gregory of Tours’s statement in his De gloria martyri that the thorns in the crown ″still looked green,″ a freshness that was miraculously renewed each day, does little to support the historical authenticity of a relic he had not seen.However, the Breviary or Short Description of Jerusalem: 16 ) (a short text dated to about 530 AD: iv ), and the itinerary of Antoninus of Piacenza (6th century): 18 clearly A putative crown of thorns was revered in Jerusalem in the early decades of the common era, according to these scraps of evidence and others of later date (the ″Pilgrimage″ of the monk Bernard, for example, indicates that the relic was still at Mount Zion in 870).

Constantinople

The crown was supposedly relocated to Constantinople, which was then the capital of the empire, at some point after that.Francois de Mély, a historian, believes that the entire crown was transported from Jerusalem to Constantinople not long before the year 1063.In any case, Emperor Justinian is said to have given a thorn to Germain, Bishop of Paris, which was long preserved at Saint-Germain-des-Prés, while the Empress Irene, in 798 or 802, sent several thorns to Charlemagne, which were deposited by him at Aachen, according to legend and historical evidence.The subsequent history of several of these can be traced without difficulty: four were given to Saint-Corneille of Compiègne in 877 by Charles the Bald; Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, sent one to the Anglo-Saxon King Athelstan in 927 on the occasion of certain marriage negotiations; and another was presented to a Spanish princess in 928.

France

With an eye toward gaining help for his faltering kingdom, Baldwin II of Constantinople made an offer to Louis IX of France in 1238, which was accepted by the French monarch.Despite the fact that it was in the possession of the Venetians as security for a large debt of 13,134 gold pieces, it was eventually redeemed and transported to Paris, where Louis IX constructed the Sainte-Chapelle, which was finished in 1248, to house it.Following the French Revolution, after finding a temporary home at the Bibliothèque Nationale, the Concordat of 1801 returned the relic to the Catholic Church, where it is now housed in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, where it has remained since.It is believed that the thorns from Ziziphus spina-christi, a plant native to Africa and Southern and Western Asia, had been removed from the Crown and kept in separate reliquaries since shortly after they arrived in France.The twisted circlet of rushes from Juncus balticus, a plant native to maritime areas of northern Britain, the Baltic region, and Scandinavia, was given to the church; the thorns from Ziziphus spina-christi, a plant native New reliquaries were constructed for the relic, one of which was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte and another which was fashioned to the designs of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc and was made of jeweled rock crystal and was more appropriately Gothic in style.When the remaining jewels from the Sainte-Chapelle were on display at the Louvre in 2001, the chaplet was ceremoniously presented every Friday at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris.

During World Youth Day, Pope John Paul II personally delivered the translation to Sainte-Chapelle.The relic can only be viewed on the first Friday of the month, when it is displayed for a special veneration Mass, and on each Friday of Lent, when it is displayed for a special veneration Mass.See also the Feast of the Crown of Thorns for further information.

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During the fire at Notre-Dame de Paris on April 15, 2019, members of the Paris Fire Brigade were able to preserve the relic.It is said in the Catholic Encyclopedia that ″authorities are unanimous that the Roman troops must have plaited a type of helmet of thorns, with this band of rushes being utilized to hold the thorns together.″ According to M.De Mély, it is probable that the sixty or seventy thorns, which appear to have been afterwards distributed by St.Louis and his successors, had already been taken from the ring of rushes and were being maintained in a separate reliquary at the time the circlet was transported to Paris.None of them are now present in Paris.At Arras and Lyons, there are also some small shards of rush that have survived.

The origin and character of the thorns have been debated for centuries, but both tradition and extant evidence indicate that they must have originated from the shrub botanically known as Ziziphus spina-christi, more often known as the jujube tree.This plant grows to a height of fifteen to twenty feet and may be found growing in abundance along the side of the road in and around the city of Jerusalem.The crooked branches of this plant are equipped with thorns that grow in pairs, with a straight spine and a curved spine that are frequently seen together at each point on the branch.The relic preserved in the Capella della Spina in Pisa, as well as the one in Trier, which, despite the fact that their early histories are disputed and opaque, are among the greatest in size, serve as excellent examples of this uniqueness in their respective locations.

Third-class relics

Valentin Maler’s silver medal depicts Jesus Christ with a crown of thorns, made in Nuremberg in the 16th century.Interestingly, not all of the so-called holy thorns have been proven to be first-class replicas of the genuine crown of thorns.M.de Mély was able to compile a list of more than 700 names.In one medieval obituary that Peter de Averio gave to the cathedral of Angers, the phrase, ″unam de spinis quae fuit apposita coronae spinae nostri Redemptoris″ (″one of the spines that were attached to the thorny crown of our Redeemer″) is used to indicate that many of the thorns were relics of the third class—objects that had been touched by a relic of The term ″sacramental″ refers to a devotional object that has been touched to a first-class relic and, in this case, any of the objects used in the Crucifixion that carried the blood of Christ.In Roman Catholic tradition, a relic of the first class is a part of the body of a saint or, in this case, any of the objects used in the Crucifixion that carried the blood of Christ; in this case, any of the objects used in the It is therefore difficult to trace the history of these objects of devotion, even in relatively current times, because first-class relics were frequently separated and any number of real third-class relics may exist.

Purported remnants

  • The crown of thorns is seen in Christ Carrying the Cross by Andrea Solario, who painted it in 1513. During a crusade to the Holy Land, the French King Louis IX purchased what is now known as the Crown of Thorns, which was worn by Jesus. It is still on display in Paris, at the Louvre Museum, until this day. In addition, individual thorns were given by the French monarch to other European royals: for example, the Holy Thorn Reliquary in the British Museum, which contains only a single thorn, was made in 1390s for the French prince Jean, duc de Berry, who is documented as having received more than one thorn from Charles V and VI, who were his brother and nephew, respectively. It was decided to revere two ″holy thorns,″ one in St. Michael’s church in Ghent, and the other at Stonyhurst College. Both claimed to be thorns that were presented to Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland by his mother, Mary Queen of Scots. The following are included in the ″Gazetteer of Relics and Miraculous Images,″ in alphabetical order: Cruz (1984) explains how he came to be. a piece of the crown of thorns (since 1561)
  • Belgium: Ghent, St. Michael’s Church: a thorn from the crown of thorns
  • Belgium: Wevelgem: a portion of the crown of thorns (since 1561)
  • Czech Republic: Prague, St. Vitus Cathedral: A thorn of the crown of thorns, in the cross at the top of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas, which is a component of the Bohemian Crown Jewels
  • A thorn of the crown of thorns, in the cross at the top of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas
  • France: Notre-Dame de Paris: The crown of thorns, which was brought from the Holy Land by Louis IX in the 12th century and from which individual thorns have been given by the French monarchs to other European royals
  • it is displayed on the first Friday of each month and on all Fridays during Lent (including Good Friday)
  • it is a World Heritage Site.
  • A part of the crown of thorns, which was delivered to the place by Louis IX
  • France: Sainte-Chapelle
  • It is said that the Cathedral of Trier was once a thorn from the Crown of Thorns.
  • Kolumba’s thorn from the Crown of Thorns, which was granted to the Dominicans of Liège by Louis IX, and another thorn from the treasure of St. Kolumba in Cologne are on display in Germany’s Kolumba.
  • Germany: Elchingen: Church of the old Benedictine Abbey Kloster Elchingen: a thorn that was brought to the church in 1650/51
  • a thorn that was brought to the church in 1650/51
  • A pair of thorns from the crown of thorns in Rome’s Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
  • In Italy, in the town of Santa Prassede, there is a little fragment of the crown of thorns.
  • Italy: Pisa, Chiesa di Santa Chiara: A branch with thorns from the crown of thorns
  • Italy: Naples, Santa Maria Incoronata: A piece of the crown of thorns
  • Italy: Florence, Chiesa di Santa Chiara: A branch with thorns from the crown of thorns
  • Italy: Ariano Irpino, Cathedral: Two thorns from the crown of thorns
  • two thorns from the crown of thorns
  • The thorns from the crown of thorns can be found in the following locations: Portugal: Museum of St. Roque (SCML), Reliquary of the Holy Thorn
  • Spain: Cathedral of Oviedo (formerly eight thorns from the crown of thorns)
  • Spain: Cathedral of Barcelona (formerly eight thorns from the crown of thorns)
  • Spain: Iglesia de la Anunciación (Hermandad del Valle): A
  • United Kingdom: British Museum: Holy Thorn Reliquary (see above), Salting Reliquary, each with a thorn
  • United Kingdom: Stanbrook Abbey, Worcester: A thorn from the crown of thorns
  • United Kingdom: Stonyhurst College, Lancashire: A thorn from the crown of thorns
  • United Kingdom: Stanbrook Abbey, Worcester: A thorn from the crown of thorns
  • United Kingdom: Stonyhurst College,
  • Saint Anthony’s Chapel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: A thorn from the crown of thorns
  • United States:
  • Ukraine: St. Prophet Elijah Monastery near Odessa, where a remnant of a thorn from the crown of thorns was found

Iconography

During the reign of St.Louis and following the construction of the Sainte-Chapelle, the presence of the crown of thorns in art, most notably on the head of Christ in Crucifixion depictions or the topic Ecce Homo, is first noted.A figure of the crown of thorns was purportedly found in the circle that sometimes encircles the chi-rho emblem on early Christian sarcophagi, according to the Catholic Encyclopedia, but the compilers concluded that it appeared to be equally likely that the circle was only intended to hold a laurel wreath instead.The motif of a crown of thorns is frequently employed as a contrast to earthly monarchical crowns in symbolic representation.According to King Charles the Martyr symbolism, the executed English King Charles I is represented putting down his worldly crown and donning the crown of thorns, like in William Marshall’s print Eikon Basilike, which depicts the execution.Another example of this contrast may be seen in the picture The Two Crowns by Frank Dicksee, which depicts two crowned heads.

Carnations, which depict the crown of thorns, are symbolic of love and passion.

Photo gallery

  • Detail of the 1862 reliquary
  • Bronze bust of Jesus with a crucifix in the Monumental cemetery of Brescia
  • Detail of the 1862 reliquary.

Criticism of the adoration of the crown of thorns

John Calvin’s Treatise on Relics, published in 1543, was a scathing indictment of the veneration of the crown of thorns and its attendant practices.He mentioned several pieces of the crown of thorns that he was familiar with, which were placed in various towns.Calvin stated on the crown of thorns, based on a huge number of different elements of the plant: ″With regard to the Crown of thorns, it appears that its twigs have been set in order for them to re-grow.″ Otherwise, I’m baffled as to how it could have grown to such proportions.First and foremost, a third of it is housed in the Holy Chapel in Paris, and then there are three thorns at Santa Croce in Rome, with a fragment of it also housed in St.Eustathius.I’m not sure how many thorns were at Sienna, but there were one at Vineennes, five at Bourges, three at Besanon in the church of St.

John, and the same number at Koningsberg.Several thorns can be found at the church of St.Salvator in Spain, but I’m not sure how many; at Compostella, in the church of St.

Jago, two; in Vivarais, three; and also at Toulouse, Mascon, Charrox in Poicton, Saint Clair, Sanflor, San Maximinin Provence, in the monastery of Selles, and also in the church of St.Martin at Noyon, each location having a single However, if a thorough search is conducted, the number might be raised by a factor of four.It is self-evident that there must be deception and imposition in this situation.What method will be used to determine the truth?Furthermore, it should be noted that in the old Church, it was never known what had happened to the crown in question.As a result, it is simple to assume that the first twig of the tree presently on display sprouted several years after the death of our Lord.

See also

  • In his treatise on relics, published in 1543, John Calvin expressed his disapproval of the veneration of the crown of thorns. His description of the several pieces of the crown of thorns that he was familiar with, all of which were in different towns, was extremely detailed. Calvin stated on the crown of thorns, based on a huge number of different elements of the plant: ″With regard to the Crown of thorns, it appears that its twigs have been set in order for them to re-grow″. Aside than that, I’m baffled as to how it got to be such a huge thing. Firstly, a third of it is housed in the Holy Chapel in Paris, and then, in Rome, three thorns are located in Santa Croce, with a fragment of it also housed in the Basilica of Saint Eustathius. It is unknown how many thorns were planted at Siena, but there were one at Vineennes, five at Bourges, three at Besanon in the church of St. John, and the same number at Koningsberg, according to my calculations. There are several at the church of St. Salvator in Spain, but I’m not sure how many
  • at Compostella, in the church of St. Jago, two
  • in Vivarais, three
  • and also at Toulouse, Mascon, Charrox in Poicton, St. Clair, Sanflor, San Maximinin Provence, in the monastery of Selles, and also in the church of St. Martin at Noyon, each location having a single thorn
  • and at A thorough search, on the other hand, may result in a four-fold increase in the number of possible matches. That there must be deception and imposition in this situation is self-evident. What methods will be used to determine the truth? Aside from that, it should be noted that it was never revealed what had happened to that crown throughout early Christian history. As a result, it is simple to assume that the initial twig of the tree presently on display sprouted many years after the death of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.
  • King of the Jews
  • Jesus, King of the Jews
  • Jesus’ life as recorded in the New Testament
  • Man of Sorrows
  • Paliurus spina-christi
  • Paliurus spina-christi
  • The Radiant Crown
  • the Solar Symbol
  • the Sorrowful Mysteries
  • the Ziziphus spina-christi
  • and other symbols

Notes

  1. Davisson, Darrell D. (Davisson, Darrell D.) (2004). Kleinhenz, Christopher (author) (ed.). The first volume of Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia is available online. Routledge, Abingdon, England, p. 955. ISBN 9780415939294.
  2. Clicquot, Athénas, p. 955. ISBN 9780415939294. (9 September 2019). This year’s ″Notre-Dame: The Crown of Thorns is once again presented to the vénération of faithful″ (in French). Retrieved on the 15th of September, 2020.
  3. Wall, J. Charles (2016). When and How the Relics of the Crucifixion Arrived at Their Destination p. 95. ISBN 9781622823277. Published by Sophia Institute Press. ″The Epitome of S. Eucherius Concerning Certain Holy Places: And the Breviary or Short Description of Jerusalem,″ I, 492.
  4. ″The Epitome of S. Eucherius Concerning Certain Holy Places: And the Breviary or Short Description of Jerusalem,″ I, 492.
  5. ″The Epitome of S. Eucherius Concerning Certain Holy Places: And the Breviary or Short Description of Jerusalem,″ I, 492.
  6. ″The Epitome of S. Eucherius In 1896, the Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society published an edition of the text in London.
  7. Stewart, Aubrey
  8. Wilson, CW, eds (1896). Of the holy places that Antoninus Martyr (about 560–570 AD) visited, this is one of the most significant. The Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society is based in London. On April 16, 2019, the following article appeared: ″France: Kissing the authentic Crown of Thorns worn by Jesus | Minor Sights.″ On August 5, 2016, Cherry published an article titled ″Den virtuella floran: Juncus arcticus Willd.″ Cherry, 22. The Naturhistoriska riksmuseet is located in Sweden. On July 20, 2018, the article ″France: Kissing the original Crown of Thorns| Minor Sights″ was published. On the 5th of August, 2016, the rector of Notre Dame Cathedral stated that ″a computer fault″ may have been the cause of the fire. The Washington Post, April 19, 2019.
  9. a b Thurston, Herbert (1908). This is referred to as the ″Crown of Thorns.″ The Catholic Encyclopedia, Fourth Edition. John Morris’ Life of Father Gerard (London, 1881) is available online at http://www.johnmorris.com/lifeoffathergerard/index.html. Vandaele, Luc (20 Marc

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